What You Need to Know
The process involves glucose metabolism to UDP‑glucose, which is polymerized by cellulose synthase into β‑1,4‑glucan chains. These chains crystallize into nanofibrils that entangle into a robust pellicle. Post‑fermentation alkaline washing removes bacterial cells, and sterilization ensures food safety.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Acetobacter (Komagataeibacter) xylinus synthesizes cellulose from glucose via the cellulose synthase complex, forming β‑1,4‑glucan chains that crystallize into nanofibrils.