What You Need to Know
The dough is primarily starch; gelatinization begins at 60‑70 °C, thickening the batter and providing cohesion. As temperature rises to 140‑165 °C, reducing sugars react with amino acids to form melanoidins, giving the characteristic golden crust. Moisture and fat balance prevent drying or burning, while protein from dairy or eggs can enhance browning and structure.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Starch gelatinization and Maillard browning