What You Need to Know
During fermentation, yeast metabolizes sugars to produce CO₂ and ethanol, expanding the gluten network and developing flavor precursors. In the frying stage, the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids initiates around 140 °C, while caramelization of sugars contributes to color and aroma. The balance of moisture loss and oil absorption determines the final texture and crispness.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Maillard browning and sugar caramelization