What You Need to Know
During fermentation, endogenous amylases hydrolyze malted starches to glucose and maltose, which are then converted by Lactobacillus spp. into lactic acid and by Saccharomyces cerevisiae into ethanol and CO₂. The simultaneous production of acid and alcohol lowers the pH to 3.8‑4.2, giving the beverage its characteristic sourness and low alcohol content.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Starch → Glucose → Lactic Acid + Ethanol + CO₂