What You Need to Know
The extreme temperature drop to –196 °C causes rapid vaporization of entrained air and dissolved gases, while the simultaneous freezing of the liquid creates a cellular ice matrix. Surfactants such as polysorbate 80 lower interfacial tension, stabilizing the thin liquid films that form the foam’s structure, allowing it to retain shape at room temperature for a few minutes.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Rapid vaporization of entrained gases + freezing of liquid