What You Need to Know
During fermentation, lactic acid bacteria metabolize lactose to lactic acid, lowering the pH to 4.5–5.0 and inducing protein coagulation. Proteolytic enzymes from the microbes generate bioactive peptides, while volatile compounds such as diacetyl and acetaldehyde develop the characteristic tangy aroma. The resulting beverage is protein‑rich, more digestible, and has a creamy, slightly sour profile.
The Science
Primary Reaction
lactose → lactic acid