What You Need to Know
The process initiates starch gelatinization at ~70 °C and protein coagulation, followed by a Maillard reaction that begins around 140 °C and accelerates above 160 °C, producing melanoidins that give the characteristic brown color. Sodium bicarbonate raises the batter pH to ~8, enhancing browning and reducing oil uptake.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Maillard reaction (starch–protein browning)