What You Need to Know
Fermentation relies on controlled temperatures, pH, and sanitation to activate yeast and lactic acid bacteria, producing ethanol, CO₂, and flavor‑contributing esters and aldehydes. The process balances microbial terroir with safety, yielding distinct regional flavor profiles while preventing spoilage.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Sugars → Ethanol + CO₂ (yeast fermentation)