What You Need to Know
The process begins with soaking millet or rice grains, which activates endogenous amylases that liquefy starches. During 12–24 h of fermentation at 25–30 °C, lactic‑acid bacteria convert starch to lactic acid, while yeasts produce minor amounts of ethanol and CO₂, lowering the pH to 4.5–5.5 and creating a mildly sour, slightly carbonated matrix.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Glycolysis → Lactic acid fermentation (with minor ethanol fermentation)