What You Need to Know
The process relies on a 6–8 % NaCl brine that suppresses spoilage bacteria while allowing lactic acid bacteria to thrive. Fermentation lowers the pH to 3.5–4.0, creating an acidic environment that inhibits pathogens. Antimicrobial spices such as mustard, fenugreek, and turmeric contribute phenolics and alkaloids that further preserve the product.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Lactic acid fermentation of carbohydrates by Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides