What You Need to Know
Liquid nitrogen boils at –196 °C; when it contacts a warm beverage it vaporizes instantly, causing rapid cooling and the formation of microscopic ice crystals. The sudden temperature drop supersaturates dissolved CO₂, producing a crackle effect and a frothy micro‑foam. Nitrogen gas condenses on glass surfaces, forming a visible mist that enhances visual appeal.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Rapid phase change of liquid nitrogen to vapor, inducing flash freezing and CO₂ supersaturation