What You Need to Know
During fermentation, indigenous yeasts convert sugars into ethanol and CO₂, while lactic acid bacteria reduce sugars to lactic acid, lowering pH to 3.5–4.0. The resulting acidic environment inhibits spoilage organisms, and volatile esters such as ethyl acetate contribute to the flavor profile.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Fermentation of sugars to ethanol, CO₂, and lactic acid