What You Need to Know
During fermentation, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* converts sucrose, glucose, and fructose into ethanol and CO₂, while *Lactobacillus plantarum* reduces sugars to lactic acid, lowering the pH. The mixed‑culture process generates a complex flavor profile from volatile esters and aldehydes produced by yeast metabolism, and the acidic environment inhibits spoilage organisms.
The Science
Primary Reaction
sugar → ethanol + CO₂ + lactic acid