What You Need to Know
The process begins with Aspergillus oryzae (koji) or Qu molds producing amylases that hydrolyze amylopectin into glucose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae then ferments glucose via glycolysis to pyruvate, which alcohol dehydrogenase reduces to ethanol and CO₂. Lactic acid bacteria may also be present, producing lactic acid that contributes to the beverage’s acidity and flavor profile.
The Science
Primary Reaction
amylopectin → glucose → pyruvate → ethanol