What You Need to Know
During the koji stage, Aspergillus oryzae secretes amylases that hydrolyze amylopectin into fermentable sugars, primarily glucose. These sugars are then converted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae into ethanol and CO₂ under controlled temperature and pH. The process also generates amino acids and volatile esters that contribute to the beverage’s umami flavor profile.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Starch (amylopectin) → Glucose → Ethanol + CO₂