What You Need to Know
Heat induces the Maillard reaction (140–165 °C) where reducing sugars and amino acids form melanoidins, imparting brown crusts and complex aromas. Simultaneously, starch gelatinization (60–70 °C) swells granules, and caramelization (>160 °C) creates sweet, nutty notes; temperature, time, pH, and moisture govern the balance of these pathways.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Maillard reaction and starch gelatinization