What You Need to Know
Ultrasonic waves (20–40 kHz) generate cavitation bubbles that collapse, producing shear forces that break oil droplets into 50–200 nm sizes. The process reduces interfacial tension and promotes homogeneous dispersion of emulsifiers such as lecithin or polysorbates, yielding a stable, uniform emulsion.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Cavitation‑induced droplet breakup and emulsifier micellization.