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Ingredient
apple cultivar
apple cultivar
Derived from this ingredient’s flavor compounds
2 compounds identified — cross-referenced scientific databases
Highlighted compounds are flavor-active · "~pred" marks predicted edges · click to view molecular profile
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Peel, core, and spiral-slice apples in seconds — pie prep
Apple wood — mild, sweet smoke for poultry and pork
Compact sous vide circulator with app — Bluetooth control, 1100W
Enameled Dutch oven for braising, bread baking, stewing
Based on 9 papers
Based on 9 papers
Based on 7 papers
Based on 3 papers
Based on 2 papers
glycoalkaloids → considered unsafe → S. macrocarpon
“According to these results, the glycoalkaloid levels of S. macrocarpon fruits are 5-10 times higher than the value considered to be safe in foods and might not be considered suitable for human consumption.”
total glycoalkaloids (TGAs) → exceeds safe limits → potato cultivars FD8-3 and Cardinal
“All the potato cultivars contained lower concentration of TGA than the limits recommended as safe, except 2 cultivars, that is FD8-3 (2539.18 ± 89.77 mg/100 g of DW) and Cardinal (506.16 ± 17.90 mg/kg).”
total glycoalkaloids (TGAs) → exceeds safe limits → potato cultivar FD 8-3
“The dietary intake assessment of potato cultivars revealed that Cardinal, FD 35-36, FD 8-3, and FD 3-9 contained higher amount of TGA in whole potato, although FD 8-3 only possessed higher content of TGA (154.93 ± 7.75) in its flesh portion rendering it unfit for human consumption.”
glycoalkaloids → remain below → 200 mg kg−1 fresh tubers
“In all tested cultivars, however, the GA concentration remained lower than the recommended food safety level (200 mg kg−1 fresh tubers)”
antimicrobial substance → becomes inactive → under neutral and alkaline condition (pH 7.0 to 9.0)
“but became inactive under neutral and alkaline condition (pH 7.0 to 9.0)”
glycoalkaloid content → is below → safe limit
“Contents in the flesh were below the safe limit for all varieties, but were generally above in the skin.”
glycoalkaloids → exceed → 200 mg kg^-1
“Sixty-six percent of the samples exceeded a temporary maximum residue limit of 200 mg kg^-1”
glycoalkaloids → have → controversial safe levels
“Possible safe levels are controversial; guidelines limiting glycoalkaloid content of potato cultivars are currently being debated.”
glycoalkaloids → accumulate in → potatoes
“Potatoes are known to accumulate glycoalkaloids (GAs) during growth and postharvest storage.”
glycoalkaloids → considered safe → S. aethiopicum
“According to these results, the glycoalkaloid levels of S. macrocarpon fruits are 5-10 times higher than the value considered to be safe in foods and might not be considered suitable for human consumption; however, the glycoalkaloid levels of S. aethiopicum were similar to those of S. melongena (about 14% of values considered as toxic) and could be considered as safe for consumption.”
“Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are specialized anti-nutritional metabolites that accumulate in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum tuberosum (potato). A series of SGA biosynthetic genes is known to be upregulated in Solanaceae species by jasmonate-responsive Ethylene Response Factor transcription factors, including JRE4 (otherwise known as GAME9), but the exact regulatory significance in planta of each factor has remained unaddressed. Here, via TILLING-based screening of an EMS-mutagenized tomato population, we isolated a JRE4 loss-of-function line that carries an amino acid residue missense change in a region of the protein important for DNA binding. In this jre4 mutant, we observed downregulated expression of SGA biosynthetic genes and decreased SGA accumulation. Moreover, JRE4 overexpression stimulated SGA production. Further characterization of jre4 plants revealed their increased susceptibility to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura larvae. This susceptibility illustrates that herbivory resistance is dependent on JRE4-mediated defense responses, which include SGA accumulation. Ethylene treatment attenuated the jasmonate-mediated JRE4 expression induction and downstream SGA biosynthesis in tomato leaves and hairy roots. Overall, this study indicated that JRE4 functions as a primary master regulator of SGA biosynthesis, and thereby contributes toward plant defense against chewing insects.”
JRE4 → is → master transcriptional regulator of defense-related steroidal glycoalkaloids
“Generally young plant parts contained greater level of alkaloids as compared to old parts.”
alkaloids → greater in → young plant parts
“One mechanism for disease resistance in plants is their ability to accumulate low-molecular-weight compounds (secondary metabolites) with high antimicrobial activities, such as alkaloids, coumarins, isoflavonoids, polyacetylenes, quinones, tannins and terpenes.”
secondary metabolites → have antimicrobial activity → alkaloids, coumarins, isoflavonoids, polyacetylenes, quinones, tannins, and terpenes
“Salts, alkali, enzymes and powdered plant food can be added during dough processing to regulate the extensional properties of wheat noodles, obtaining noodles of high quality, with improved sensory and storage properties.”
salts, alkali, enzymes, and powdered plant food → can be added to → regulate the extensional properties of wheat noodles
“The amount of nitrogen extracted at alkaline pH is greater than that produced at either neutral or acidic PH.”
nitrogen solubility → is greater at → alkaline pH