Comparative Analysis of Protein Digestion Characteristics in Human, Cow, Goat, Sheep, Mare, and Camel Milk under Simulated Infant Condition
Ting Xiao, Junpeng Zeng, Caidong Zhao, Yanmei Hou, Tong Wu, Zeyuan Deng +1 more
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract
An infant in vitro digestion model was utilized to investigate protein digestion characteristics in human and diverse mammalian milk (i.e., cow, goat, sheep, mare, and camel milk) using electrophoresis and chromatography. Digestive differences among milks were mainly manifested in the infant gastric phase, as evidenced by varying degrees of protein digestion. Notably, proteins (i.e., lactoferrin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin G-heavy chain) remained partially intact in human milk, whereas these proteins in animal milk were exclusively degraded after gastrointestinal digestion. The peptide spectra of human, mare, and camel milk were highly similar, with a predominant formation of low-intensity small peptides, whereas the other three milk showed the opposite phenomenon. Heatmap cluster analysis indicated that camel milk was the most comparable to human milk before digestion, yet sheep milk was the most similar to human milk regarding protein digestion behaviors following infant gastric digestion.
Extracted Claims
6 claims extracted from this paper into the knowledge graph
proteins were exclusively degraded animal milk
“Notably, proteins (i.e., lactoferrin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin G-heavy chain) remained partially intact in human milk, whereas these proteins in animal milk were exclusively degraded after ga...”
peptide spectra were highly similar human, mare, and camel milk
“The peptide spectra of human, mare, and camel milk were highly similar, with a predominant formation of low-intensity small peptides, whereas the other three milk showed the opposite phenomenon.”
lactoferrin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin G-heavy chain remained partially intact human milk
“Notably, proteins (i.e., lactoferrin, serum albumin, and immunoglobulin G-heavy chain) remained partially intact in human milk, whereas these proteins in animal milk were exclusively degraded after ga...”