Description
Fermented dairy products such as kefir and queso fresco rely on controlled lactic acid bacterial activity to convert lactose into acids, gases, and bioactive peptides, shaping texture, flavor, and safety.
Technical
During fermentation, mesophilic lactic acid bacteria convert lactose into lactic acid, ethanol, and CO₂, while proteolysis of casein releases bioactive peptides and exopolysaccharides that contribute to viscosity and mouthfeel. The resulting pH drop and microbial metabolism create a complex flavor profile that balances sweetness, sourness, and subtle nutty or yeasty notes.
Science
Primary Reaction
lactose → lactic acid + ethanol + CO₂ + proteolytic peptides
Sensory Profile
Aroma ()
fruityyeastymilkynuttysweettangyearthybutteryherbalfloral