Rosemary

“The antioxidants TBHQ, alpha-tocopherol, Prolong P (rosemary, thyme, marjoram mixture) or ascorbyl palmitate were not found able to replace the antioxidant BHA in potato flakes production if stored for up to 24 months.”

TBHQ, alpha-tocopherol, Prolong P (rosemary, thyme, marjoram mixture), or ascorbyl palmitate → cannot replace → BHA in potato flakes production

“This process involves subjecting the rosemary leaves for a short period of time to a steam pressure varying from 0.5 to 3 bar, followed by an instantaneous decompression to a vacuum (about 15 mbar).”

controlled instantaneous decompression (DIC) → involves → subjecting rosemary leaves to steam pressure and instantaneous decompression

“It appears that a pressure of the order of 1 bar and a treatment time of 10 minutes are sufficient to extract more than 90% of the essential oil.”

controlled instantaneous decompression (DIC) → extracts → essential oil from rosemary leaves

“Furthermore, the efficiency of the extraction of rosemary essential oil was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.”

controlled instantaneous decompression (DIC) → extracts → 97% of essential oil compounds from rosemary leaves

“Essential oils (at 0.5 MIC) applied by spray, immersion, and embedded in lactose capsules exerted lower inhibitory effects, with respect to 1 MIC, on the different microbial populations present on lettuce leaves”

essential oils (clove, tea tree, rosemary) → exert lower inhibitory effects → different microbial populations