Annatto

“The contents of bixin and caffeine in annatto and guarana dry powders demonstrated a strong dependence on the inlet air temperature.”

spouted beds → affects → bixin and caffeine content in annatto and guarana dry powders

“The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was 4-16 mg/ml while its bactericidal action (MBC) was exerted at higher doses (16-64 mg/ml).”

Annatto extract → exerts → bactericidal action

“The extract (5 mg/ml) produced antimicrobial action in agar diffusion assays against standard strains of Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis while exerting only slight action against Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Candida utilis, and Aspergillus niger.”

Annatto extract → produces → antimicrobial action

“The extract therefore, appears to possess a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity, being effective against only the Gram-positive bacteria used in our study.”

Annatto extract → has → narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity

“Colored Cheddar cheeses are prepared by adding an aqueous annatto extract (norbixin) to cheese milk”

colored Cheddar cheeses → are prepared by → adding an aqueous annatto extract (norbixin) to cheese milk