vitamin C → is well tolerated biologically → in healthy mammalian systems at very high intakes (2-4 g/day)
“The available data indicate that very high intakes of vitamin C (2-4 g/day) are well tolerated biologically in healthy mammalian systems.”
Campylobacter coli → detected in → feces of healthy dairy cows
prevalence: 19.4% of operationsindividual_cows: 1.8% of individual cows
“C. coli was detected in at least one animal in 19.4% of operations and 1.8% of individual cows (n = 2,085).”
Campylobacter jejuni → detected in → feces of healthy dairy cows
prevalence: 80.6% of farm operationsindividual_cows: 37.7% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples
“Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Arcobacter spp. were detected in feces of healthy dairy cows by highly specific multiplex-PCR assays. For C. jejuni, at this one-time sampling, cows from 80.6% of farm operations (n = 31) and 37.7% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples (n = 2,085) were positive.”
Arcobacter spp. → detected in → feces of healthy dairy cows
prevalence: 71% of dairy operationsindividual_cows: 14.3% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples
“For Arcobacter, cows from 71% of dairy operations (n = 31) and 14.3% of individual dairy cattle fecal samples (n = 1,682) were positive.”
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) → is safe → in healthy populations
dose: 3.4 g dailyduration: 12 weeks
“The results indicate that CLA in the given dose is a safe substance in healthy populations with regard to the safety”
Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 → did not induce detrimental effects → healthy or TNBS-treated animals
“This strain did not induce detrimental effects in healthy or in TNBS-treated animals, as was reflected by the absence of weight loss, intestinal inflammation, modification of cytokine levels in the ileum and colon (healthy mice), and bacterial dissemination (healthy and colitic animals).”
probiotic apple beverages and apple vinegar → considered → safe and healthy products
“Probiotic apple beverages and apple vinegar are generally considered as safe and healthy products by the consumers.”
infant formula → is safe → for healthy term infants
HMOs: 2'-fucosyllactose,3-fucosyllactose,lacto-N-tetraose,3'-sialyllactose,6'-sialyllactoseconcentration: 5.75 g/L
“The study demonstrated that the EF containing five HMOs supported normal growth, gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance and safe use in healthy term infants.”